Tenses

A tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place.Tense is the grammaticalisation of time reference, and in general is understood to have the three delimitations of "before now", i.e. the past; "now", i.e. the present; and "after now", i.e. the future. The "unmarked" reference for tense is the temporal distance from the time of utterance, the "here-and-now", this being absolute-tense. Relative-tense indicates temporal distance from a point of time established in the discourse that is not the present, i.e. reference to a point in the past or future, such as the future-in-future, or the future of the future (at some time in the future after the reference point, which is in the future) and future-in-past or future of the past (at some time after a point in the past, with the reference point being a point in the past).

1.      Simple Present Tense

Rumus:

I / We / You / They + Infinitive

He / She / It + Infinitive + S              

Example:

For declare an act is usually done

-          My father usually drinks tea for breakfast

-          My mother go to market every morning

For expresses a truth that can not be denied

-          The sunset in the west

-          After Sunday is Monday

2.      Present Continuous Tense

Rumus:

Subject + to be (am, are, is) + Infinitive + ing

                

Example :

For declare an act of ongoing

-          I am writing English now

-          We are studying accountancy now

For an act which will come

-          We are writing letter again

-          I am going to Jakarta again

3.      Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

I / We / You / They + have + Past participle

He / She / It + has + Past participle

                     

Example:

For declare acts committed by the past and has continued until now

-          I have learn English since three years ago

-          My sister has lived here for eight years

For explain the actions that have been done perfectly

-          I have eaten

-          She has written

For  describes an action replay in time before the current uncertain

-          They have heard the problem before

-          I have already seen her

4.       Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

I / We / You / They + have + been + infinitive + ing

He / She / It + has + been + infinitive + ing                

Example:

For state action that began in the past and has continued until now

-          He has been studying at the school this year

-          I have been waiting for you since eight o’clock

5.       Simple Past Tense

Rumus:                                                                                

Subject + Past Tense

Example:

For declare an act that has happened in the past in the form of simple and known time of occurrence

-          I want to Surabaya yesterday

-          He wrote letter to his wife yesterday

6.       Simple Future Tense

Rumus:
Subject + will / shall + infinitive

Example:

For declare an act which will come

-          I will help you with your homework tomorrow

-          She will go to Bandung tomorrow